How Family Changes Affect Your Benefits
Life is not static, and major events can alter your financial landscape, including your eligibility for Social Security benefits. Understanding how changes like remarriage or the death of a former spouse can impact your payments is essential for long-term planning.
The Impact of Remarriage
One of the most significant events that can affect your benefits is your own remarriage. The rules are different depending on whether you are collecting benefits as a divorced spouse or as a surviving divorced spouse.
For divorced spouse benefits (where your ex-spouse is still living), the rule is straightforward: if you remarry, your eligibility for benefits on your ex-spouse’s record ends. Your new marital status takes precedence. If that new marriage later ends due to divorce, death, or annulment, you may be able to become re-entitled to benefits on your first ex-spouse’s record.
The rules are more flexible for divorced survivor benefits. If you are collecting benefits based on a deceased ex-spouse’s record, you can remarry and continue to receive those benefits, provided your remarriage occurs after you turn 60 (or after age 50 if you are disabled). This special provision recognizes the financial vulnerability that can come with losing a former partner, even one from whom you are divorced.
What if My Ex-Spouse Remarries?
This is a source of much confusion and anxiety, but the answer is simple: your ex-spouse’s marital status has no bearing on your benefits. If your ex-spouse remarries, it does not affect your eligibility or your benefit amount in any way. Their new spouse may also be able to claim spousal benefits on their record, but that will not reduce the amount you are entitled to. The Social Security system is designed so that one person’s claim does not diminish another’s.
When a Former Spouse Passes Away
The death of a former spouse is a difficult emotional event, and it also changes your Social Security status. If you are already receiving divorced spouse benefits, you should notify the SSA of the death. Your benefits will automatically convert to divorced survivor benefits. For many, this results in a higher monthly payment, as survivor benefits can be up to 100 percent of the deceased’s benefit amount, compared to the 50 percent cap for divorced spouse benefits. If you were not yet collecting benefits when your ex-spouse died, you can apply for survivor benefits directly, as long as you meet the eligibility criteria we discussed earlier.
Navigating Your Own Retirement Benefit
It is important to constantly reassess your situation, especially if you continue to work. Remember the dual entitlement rule: you receive the higher of your own benefit or the benefit from your ex-spouse’s record. If you continue working after you start collecting divorced spouse benefits, your own retirement benefit may grow. If your own benefit eventually becomes larger than what you receive from your ex-spouse, the SSA will automatically switch you to your higher payment. You don’t need to do anything; the system is set up to ensure you always receive the maximum benefit for which you are eligible.
These life changes can also impact your eligibility for other assistance programs. Social Security income is counted when determining eligibility for programs like the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) or the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP). For food and utility assistance programs, visit Benefits.gov to see how changes in your income might affect your qualifications.
